Efficient image encryption scheme using a nonlinear shift register and chaos
*Hadjer BourekoucheCorresponding authorh.bourekouche@univ-boumerdes.dzLIST LaboratoryFaculty of TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Systems Engineering, Avenue of IndependenceUniversity M’Hamed BOUGARA of BoumerdesBoumerdes, 35000, Algeria0000-0003-3516-290XView full profile → , Samia Belkacems.belkacem@univ-boumerdes.dzLIMOSE LaboratoryFaculty of TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Systems Engineering, Avenue of IndependenceUniversity M’Hamed BOUGARA of BoumerdesBoumerdes, 35000, Algeria0000-0003-0912 3392View full profile → , Noureddine Messaoudin.messaoudi@univ-boumerdes.dzLIST LaboratoryFaculty of TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Systems Engineering, Avenue of IndependenceUniversity M’Hamed BOUGARA of BoumerdesBoumerdes, 35000, Algeria0000-0002-3406-4120View full profile →
* Corresponding author · click or hover a name for details
- Received:
- 10 Oct 2022
- Published Online:
- 05 Feb 2024
- Article type:
- Research Article
- Language:
- EN
- Article no.:
- JIOS-1399
- Pages:
- 157–180
Abstract
Keywords
Subject Classifications
References
[1] G. Lokeshwari, S. Udaya Kumar, and S. Susarla, “Experimental analysis of image encryption using elgamal and block-substitution method for color images,” J. Inf. Optim. Sci., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 745–757, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1080/02522667.2016.1251026.
[2] Z. Hua, Y. Zhou, and H. Huang, “Cosine-transform-based chaotic system for image encryption,” Inf. Sci., vol. 480, pp. 403–419, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2018.12.048.
[3] S. M. Ismail, L. A. Said, A. G. Radwan, A. H. Madian, and M. F. Abu-ElYazeed, “A novel image encryption system merging fractional-order edge detection and generalized chaotic maps,” Signal Process., vol. 167, p. 107280, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2019.107280.
[4] I. Meraouche, S. Dutta, H. Tan, and K. Sakurai, “Tree Parity Machine-Based Symmetric Encryption: A Hybrid Approach,” in Mathematics and Computing, B. Rushi Kumar, S. Ponnusamy, D. Giri, B. Thuraisingham, C. W. Clifton, and B. Carminati, Eds., in Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 61–73. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-9307-7_6.
[5] A. Ramesh and A. Jain, “Hybrid image encryption using Pseudo Random Number Generators, and transposition and substitution techniques,” in 2015 International Conference on Trends in Automation, Communications and Computing Technology (I-TACT-15), Dec. 2015, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ITACT.2015.7492652.
[6] S. Yakut, T. Tuncer, and A. B. Ozer, “Secure and Efficient Hybrid Random Number Generator Based on Sponge Constructions for Cryptographic Applications,” Elektron. Ir Elektrotechnika, vol. 25, no. 4, Art. no. 4, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.5755/j01.eie.25.4.23969.
[7] A. Doğanaksoy, F. Sulak, M. Uğuz, O. Şeker, and Z. Akcengiz, “New Statistical Randomness Tests Based on Length of Runs,” Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2015, p. e626408, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.1155/2015/626408.
[8] J. Łukasiewicz, A brief overview of pseudo-random number generators and testing of our own simple generator. 2021. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12598.22089/1.
[9] S. Kumar, P. K. Srivastava, G. K. Srivastava, P. Singhal, D. Singh, and D. Goyal, “Chaos based image encryption security in cloud computing,” J. Discrete Math. Sci. Cryptogr., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1041–1051, May 2022, doi: 10.1080/09720529.2022.2075085.
[10] M. S. Tavazoei and M. Haeri, “Comparison of different one-dimensional maps as chaotic search pattern in chaos optimization algorithms,” Appl. Math. Comput., vol. 187, no. 2, pp. 1076–1085, Apr. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2006.09.087.
[11] Y. He, J. Zhou, N. Lu, H. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Differential evolution algorithm combined with chaotic pattern search,” Kybernetika, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 684–696, 2010.
[12] T. G. Lewis and W. H. Payne, “Generalized Feedback Shift Register Pseudorandom Number Algorithm,” J. ACM, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 456–468, Jul. 1973, doi: 10.1145/321765.321777.
[13] M. Essaid, I. Akharraz, A. Saaidi, and et A. Mouhib, “Image encryption scheme based on a new secure variant of Hill cipher and 1D chaotic maps,” J. Inf. Secur. Appl., vol. 47, pp. 173–187, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jisa.2019.05.006.
[14] Y.-Y. He, J.-Z. Zhou, X.-Q. Xiang, H. Chen, and H. Qin, “Comparison of different chaotic maps in particle swarm optimization algorithm for long-term cascaded hydroelectric system scheduling,” Chaos Solitons Fractals, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 3169–3176, 2009.
[15] S. Kamal, M. Darwish, and K. Hosny, “Chaotic Maps for Image Encryption: An Assessment Study,” 2020. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38700-6_2.
[16] L. Wang and H. Cheng, “Pseudo-Random Number Generator Based on Logistic Chaotic System,” Entropy, vol. 21, no. 10, p. 960, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.3390/e21100960.
[17] E. Fatemi-Behbahani, K. Ansari-Asl, and E. Farshidi, “A New Approach to Analysis and Design of Chaos-Based Random Number Generators Using Algorithmic Converter,” Circuits Syst. Signal Process., vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 3830–3846, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1007/s00034-016-0248-0.
[18] E. Dubrova, “How to speed-up your NLFSR-based stream cipher,” in Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition 2009 Design, Apr. 2009, pp. 878–881. doi: 10.1109/DATE.2009.5090786.
[19] S. A. Mehdi and A. Kadhim, “Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a New Five Dimensional Hyperchaotic System and Sudoku Matrix,” Proc. Fluids Eng. Conf., Jan. 2021.
[20] L. Tawalbeh, W. Kanakri, and L. Al-Ebbini, “Efficient Random Number Generators (RNG) based on Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers (NLFSR),” Dec. 2009.
[21] E. Dubrova, M. Teslenko, and H. Tenhunen, “On Analysis and Synthesis of (n,k)-Non-Linear Feedback Shift Registers,” presented at the Proceedings -Design, Automation and Test in Europe, DATE, Mar. 2008, pp. 1286–1291. doi: 10.1145/1403375.1403686.
[22] E. Dubrova, “An equivalence preserving transformation from the Fibonacci to the Galois NLFSRs.” arXiv, Jan. 30, 2008. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.0801.4079.
[23] R. Oommen, M. K. George, and S. Joseph, “Study and Analysis of Various LFSR Architectures,” 2018 Int. Conf. Circuits Syst. Digit. Enterp. Technol. ICCSDET, pp. 1–6, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICCSDET.2018.8821227.
[24] A. A. Kuznetsov, O. V. Potii, N. A. Poluyanenko, Y. I. Gorbenko, and N. Kryvinska, “Areas of Application for Nonlinear Shift Registers in PRS Generators,” in Stream Ciphers in Modern Real-time IT Systems: Analysis, Design and Comparative Studies, A. A. Kuznetsov, O. V. Potii, N. A. Poluyanenko, Y. I. Gorbenko, and N. Kryvinska, Eds., in Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. , Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 295–318. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-79770-6_12.
[25] “5 stream ciphers.” Accessed: May 28, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.slideshare.net/harishsahu96558/5-stream-ciphers
[26] E. Dubrova, “A List of Maximum Period NLFSRs.” 2012. Accessed: May 28, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/166
[27] A. D. Hina, “Generation and statistical analysis of chaos-based pseudorandom sequences,” doctoral, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2019. Accessed: May 28, 2023. [Online]. Available: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84993/
[28] J. S. Teh, M. Alawida, and Y. Sii, “Implementation and Practical Problems of Chaos-based Cryptography Revisited,” J. Inf. Secur. Appl., vol. 50, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jisa.2019.102421.
[29] S. Thamir, M. Kadhim, and A. Badr, “Novel Method to Choose a Certain Wind Turbine for Al. Hai Site in Iraq,” 2022, pp. 479–489. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-0825-5_52.
[30] X. Wang, N. Guan, H. Zhao, S. Wang, and Y. Zhang, “A new image encryption scheme based on coupling map lattices with mixed multi-chaos,” Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66486-9.
[31] R. Stępień and J. Walczak, “Statistical analysis of the LFSR generators in the NIST STS test suite,” Comput. Appl. Electr. Eng., vol. Vol. 11, 2013, Accessed: Jan. 22, 2023. [Online]. Available: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-6b8818c1-d909-4960-8c08-647e878b1531
[32] R. I. Abdelfatah, “Secure Image Transmission Using Chaotic-Enhanced Elliptic Curve Cryptography,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 3875–3890, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2958336.
[33] M. Sýs, Z. Riha, V. Matyas, K. Marton, and A. Suciu, “On the interpretation of results from the NIST statistical test suite,” vol. 18, pp. 18–32, Jan. 2015.
[34] A. S. Bader, S. Hameed, and M. A. A. K., “Key Generation based on Henon map and Lorenz system,” Al-Mustansiriyah J. Sci., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 41–46, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.23851/mjs.v31i1.734.
[35] B. O. Al-Roithy and A. Gutub, “Remodeling randomness prioritization to boost-up security of RGB image encryption,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 80, no. 18, pp. 28521–28581, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11042-021-11051-3.
[36] M. M. Al-Mhadawi and A. A. Albahrani, “Hybrid Method as Pseudo-Random Bits Generator,” in 2019 First International Conference of Computer and Applied Sciences (CAS), Dec. 2019, pp. 250–255. doi: 10.1109/CAS47993.2019.9075715.
[37] M. J. Al-Muhammed and R. Abu Zitar, “Light and Secure Encryption Technique Based on Artificially Induced Chaos and Nature-Inspired Triggering Method,” Symmetry, vol. 14, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/sym14020218.
[38] M. Elgamel and M. Bayoumi, “7 - Noise Analysis and Design in Deep Submicron Technology,” in The Electrical Engineering Handbook, W.-K. Chen, Ed., Burlington: Academic Press, 2005, pp. 299–310. doi: 10.1016/B978-012170960-0/50024-4.
[39] O. Jallouli, S. E. Assad, and M. Chetto, “Robust Chaos-based Stream-Cipher for Secure Public Communication Channels,” presented at the International Conference on Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, Dec. 2016, p. 23. doi: 10.1109/ICITST.2016.7856658.
[40] C. Chen, H. Zhang, and B. Wu, “Image Encryption Based on Arnod Transform and Fractional Chaotic,” Symmetry, vol. 14, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/sym14010174.
[41] L. Bao, S. Yi, and Y. Zhou, “Combination of Sharing Matrix and Image Encryption for Lossless (k,n) -Secret Image Sharing,” IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 5618–5631, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TIP.2017.2738561.
[42] K. Hosny, Multimedia Security Using Chaotic Maps: Principles and Methodologies. 2020. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38700-6.
[43] F. H. Abbood, “An Efficient Confusion-Diffusion Structure for Image Encryption Using Plain Image Related Henon Map,” Int. J. Comput., Jan. 2020, Accessed: May 28, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.academia.edu/en/69454284/An_Efficient_Confusion_Diffusion_Structure_for_Image_Encryption_Using_Plain_Image_Related_Henon_Map
[44] X. Wang, H. Zhao, and M. Wang, “A new image encryption algorithm with nonlinear-diffusion based on Multiple coupled map lattices,” Opt. Laser Technol., vol. 115, pp. 42–57, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.02.009.
[45] V. Himthani, V. S. Dhaka, M. Kaur, and P. Hemrajani, “V-Net architecture based advanced visually meaningful image encryption technique,” J. Discrete Math. Sci. Cryptogr., vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 2183–2194, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1080/09720529.2022.2133255.
[46] H. Zhong, G. Li, X. Xu, and X. Song, “Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Novel Wide-Range Discrete Hyperchaotic Map,” Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 15, Art. no. 15, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/math10152583.
[47] “Compression-Based Cancelable Multi-Biometric System.” Accessed: May 28, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchsquare.com
[48] M. Kumari and S. Gupta, “Performance comparison between Chaos and quantum-chaos based image encryption techniques,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 80, no. 24, pp. 33213–33255, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11042-021-11178-3.
[49] A. Alghafis, N. Munir, and M. Khan, “An encryption scheme based on chaotic Rabinovich-Fabrikant system and S8 confusion component,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 7967–7985, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11042-020-10142-x.
[50] N. Nesa, T. Ghosh, and I. Banerjee, “Design of a chaos-based encryption scheme for sensor data using a novel logarithmic chaotic map,” J. Inf. Secur. Appl., vol. 47, pp. 320–328, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jisa.2019.05.017.
[51] X. Wang, X. Zhu, and Y. Zhang, “An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Josephus Traversing and Mixed Chaotic Map,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 23733–23746, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2805847.
[52] D. Lambic, “Cryptanalyzing a novel pseudorandom number generator based on pseudorandomly enhanced logistic map,” Nonlinear Dyn., vol. 89, pp. 1–3, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s11071-017-3583-1.
[53] S. J. Sheela, K. V. Suresh, and D. Tandur, “Image encryption based on modified Henon map using hybrid chaotic shift transform,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 77, no. 19, pp. 25223–25251, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s11042-018-5782-2.
